Inyuma ya buri ecran yibikoresho dukorana burimunsi - nka terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa, hamwe nisaha yubwenge - hari ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi: TFT. Irashobora kumvikana itamenyerewe, ariko ni "umutware mukuru" ituma ibyerekanwa bigezweho byerekana amashusho asobanutse kandi yoroshye. None, mubyukuri TFT ni iki muri TFT LCD? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubumaji butamenyekana bufite?
I. Igisobanuro Cyibanze cya TFT: Guhuza neza na miriyoni za "Microscopique Switch" kuri Mugaragaza
TFT, ngufi kuri Thin-Film Transistor, izwi nka tristoriste yoroheje. Urashobora kubitekereza nkibintu bito cyane bya elegitoronike kuri ecran. Ingingo y'ingenzi ni uko ibyo dukunze kuvuga nka TFT bitigera bibaho mu bwigunge. Imbere muri buri kintu cyitwa "TFT ecran" (urugero, TFT-LCD), hariho umurongo munini wa TFTs - ugizwe na miriyoni cyangwa ndetse na miriyoni mirongo za za micro-switch, zitunganijwe neza kuri substrate yikirahure. Buri TFT yigenga kandi igenzura neza pigiseli imwe thIkigereranyo cyoroshye: Niba buri pigiseli kuri ecran igereranijwe nidirishya, noneho TFT muri ecran ya TFT LCD nuburyo bwubwenge bugenzura urwego iyo idirishya rifungura cyangwa rifunga. Igena neza neza urumuri (ruva mumatara yinyuma) rushobora kunyuramo, amaherezo rugasobanura urumuri namabara yiyo pigiseli. Igikorwa gihujwe na TFT zitabarika hamwe zikora ishusho yuzuye tubona mumaso yacu.
II. Inkomoko yubumaji: Kuva "Passive" kugeza "Gikora," Igikorwa cya Revolution ya TFT
Ubumaji nyabwo bwa TFT buri muburyo bwo kumenya uburyo bwo kugenzura impinduramatwara: "gukemura matrix ikora." Iyi ni isi itandukanye na tekinoroji ya "pasive matrix" yabayeho mbere ya TFT.
Dilemma idafite TFT (Matrix Passive):
Byari nko gukoresha gride yumurongo uhuza kugirango ugenzure pigiseli zose, zidakora neza kandi zikunda kwerekana ibimenyetso byambukiranya imipaka.
Ubwenge hamwe na TFT (Matrix ifatika):
Buri pigiseli ifite uburyo bwihariye bwa TFT. Iyo pigiseli ikeneye gutwarwa, ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura kirashobora kumenya neza no gutegeka iyo TFT ya pigiseli "gufungura" cyangwa "kuzimya," ikomeza imiterere yayo kugeza ubutaha bushya. Ibi bizana inyungu zikurikira:
Igisubizo cyihuse: TFT ihindura ikora kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane, igabanya cyane icyerekezo cyimikorere mumashusho afite imbaraga kuri ecran ya TFT LCD.
Gukoresha ingufu nke: Ibiranga leta bigabanya ingufu rusange zikoreshwa muri ecran ya TFT LCD.
III. Gutesha agaciro Ikinyoma: TFT Type Ubwoko bwa Mugaragaza; Ni "Ubwonko Bwibanze" bwa Mugaragaza
Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara ni uko "TFT ari ubwoko bwa ecran." Mubyukuri, TFT ubwayo ntabwo itanga urumuri cyangwa ngo itange ibara. Nubusanzwe ni uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura - “munsi ya cockpit” cyangwa “ubwonko bwibanze” bwa ecran.
Mugaragaza TFT-LCD, tumenyereye cyane, nigisubizo cyuzuye cyikoranabuhanga. Muri iki kibazo, umurongo wa TFT muri ecran ya TFT LCD ufite inshingano zo gutwara neza guhuza molekile ya kirisiti ya kirisitu kugirango igenzure urumuri ruturutse inyuma. Ndetse no murwego rwohejuru rwa OLED, mugihe ukora ibicuruzwa binini binini cyangwa binini cyane, umurongo wa TFT uracyasabwa nkumuzunguruko winyuma kugirango ugenzure neza urumuri rwa buri pigiseli ya OLED. Birashobora kuvugwa ko hatabayeho tekinoroji ya TFT, ibisobanuro bihanitse, byoroshye TFT LCD yerekana tubona uyumunsi bitabaho.
IV. Ubwihindurize bwumuryango wa TFT: Guhanga ibintu bishya bitera gusimbuka imikorere
Imikorere ya TFT ahanini iterwa nibikoresho bya semiconductor ikoreshwa mubikorwa byayo. Amateka yubwihindurize ni urugendo rwo guhanga ibintu:
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si): Ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ryambere rya TFT, hamwe nibyiza byigiciro ariko imikorere mike, bigatuma bigorana kuzuza ibyifuzo byo murwego rwohejuru.
Ubushyuhe buke bwa Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS): Gusimbuka mu mikorere, hamwe na moteri ya elegitoronike ihanitse, bigatuma ecran ishobora gukora neza kandi ikitabira. Byakoreshejwe cyane murwego rwohejuru LCD na OLED.
Muri make, amarozi ya TFT muri ecran ya TFT LCD ari mubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bidahwitse mumashusho ya digitale ashobora kugenzurwa na pigiseli-urwego rwukuri. Ni injeniyeri idacurangwa, yuzuye neza yihishe munsi yikirahure. Nibikorwa bihujwe naya miriyoni ya TFT ya micro-switch amaherezo ituzanira isi igaragara neza, igaragara, kandi yoroshye ya digitale igaragara mumaso yacu. Gusobanukirwa TFT muri ecran ya TFT LCD bisobanura gusobanukirwa ibuye ryibanze rya tekinoroji igezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-22-2025