Ibara ryerekana amabara ya TFT (Thin-Film Transistor), nkibice byingenzi bigize ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, byahinduwe byihuse mu ikoranabuhanga no kwagura isoko kuva ryacuruzwa mu myaka ya za 90. Bakomeza kuba inzira nyamukuru yerekana igisubizo mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byinganda, nibindi bice. Isesengura rikurikira ryubatswe mubice bitatu: amateka yiterambere, uko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hamwe nigihe kizaza.
I. Amateka y'Iterambere rya TFT-LCD
Igitekerezo cya tekinoroji ya TFT cyagaragaye mu myaka ya za 1960, ariko kugeza mu myaka ya za 90 ni bwo amasosiyete y’Abayapani yageze ku musaruro rusange w’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa na monitor ya LCD. Igisekuru cya mbere TFT-LCDs cyabujijwe gukemurwa gake, kugiciro cyinshi, numusaruro muke, nyamara buhoro buhoro basimbuye CRT yerekanwe kubera ibyiza nkibintu byoroshye kandi bikoresha ingufu nke. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, TFT-LCDs yinjiye mu masoko nka terefone zigendanwa, kwerekana ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ndetse na sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda, mu gihe nayo ihura n'igitutu cya OLED. Binyuze mu kuzamura ikoranabuhanga nka Mini-LED kumurika inyuma, imikorere yazamuwe mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, harimo na monitor yo hejuru.
II. Imiterere ya tekinoroji ya TFT-LCD
Uruganda rwa TFT-LCD rurakuze cyane, hamwe nigiciro cyumusaruro kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na OLED, cyane cyane mubisabwa binini nka TV na monitor, aho biganje ku isoko. Guhatanira guhangana no guhanga udushya biterwa ningaruka za OLED. Mugihe OLED irushijeho guhinduka no kugereranya (bitewe na kamere yayo yo kwikuramo itandukaniro itandukanye), TFT-LCD yagabanije icyuho hifashishijwe itara rya Mini-LED hamwe na dimingi yaho kugirango tunoze imikorere ya HDR. Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga byongerewe imbaraga binyuze mukadomo (QD-LCD) kumikino yagutse yagutse no kwinjiza tekinoroji yo gukoraho, hongerwaho agaciro.
III. Ibihe bizaza bya TFT-LCD
Mini-LED yamurika, hamwe na micro-LED zayo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kugirango igaragare neza, igera ku ntera itandukanye hafi ya OLED mugihe ikomeza kuramba hamwe nibyiza bya LCD. Iyi myanya nkicyerekezo cyingenzi mumasoko yohejuru yerekana isoko. Nubwo byoroshye TFT-LCD idahinduka cyane ugereranije na OLED, ubushobozi buke bwo kugunama bwagaragaye hifashishijwe ibirahuri binini cyane cyangwa ibirahuri bya pulasitike, bigafasha ubushakashatsi mubikorwa nkibikoresho byimodoka kandi byambara. Ikoreshwa rya porogaramu rikomeje kwaguka mu bice bimwe na bimwe - urugero, inzira igana kuri ecran nyinshi mu binyabiziga bishya byingufu bishimangira imiterere rusange ya TFT-LCD, bitewe nubwizerwe kandi bukora neza. Ubwiyongere ku masoko yo hanze, nk'Ubuhinde na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, aho usanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’abaguzi bigenda byiyongera, na byo bikomeza kwishingikiriza kuri TFT-LCD mu bikoresho byo hagati cyangwa bito.
OLED yiganje muri terefone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi yerekana amasoko yerekana kandi ibana na Micro LED, yibanda kuri ecran nini cyane (urugero, inkuta za videwo z'ubucuruzi). Hagati aho, TFT-LCD ikomeje gucengera hagati y’amasoko manini manini kubera igipimo cyayo-imikorere. Nyuma yimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yiterambere, TFT-LCD imaze gukura, nyamara ikomeza kubaho igihe kirekire binyuze mu guhanga udushya nka Mini-LED na IGZO, ndetse no gukanda ku masoko meza nko gukoresha amamodoka n'inganda. Inyungu yibanze iracyahari: igiciro cyumusaruro munini nini nini kiri munsi ya OLED.
Urebye imbere, TFT-LCD izibanda cyane kumarushanwa atandukanye aho guhangana na OLED mu buryo butaziguye. Hifashishijwe tekinoroji nka Mini-LED yamurika, biteganijwe ko izatanga amahirwe mashya kumasoko yohejuru. Nubwo gutandukanya ikoranabuhanga ryerekana ari inzira idasubirwaho, TFT-LCD, ishyigikiwe na ecosystem ikuze no guhanga udushya, bizakomeza kuba ikoranabuhanga shingiro mubikorwa byo kwerekana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2025